Introduction

     The study of history serves an important societal role. Examining the past permits one to comprehend the formation of contemporary society through reading stories about significant historical events or figures who once inhabited the world.

     One method of examining the past is to observe  primary source materials of historic significance. Obtaining archived records is one way to achieve this objective. The Society of American Archivists (SAA) defines the term archives as “records created or received by a person, family, organization and preserved because of their continuing value” (SAA, 2022). Archive records often present themselves in various mediums, such as letters, reports, accounts, photographs, manuscripts, books and diaries (Schmidt, 2011).

      Due to the  delicacy of such records, archive materials must be stored in  facilities that are proper for its preservation and maintenance. Archival facilities, in turn, serve as repository for the storage and occasional display of such records.  The type of archival facility that is chosen for the storage of archival materials is dependent on the record type.  Colleges and universities, for example, may store and preserve archival records specific to the academic institution (Schmidt, 2011); corporations may preserve archival records specific to the history of the business, and government institutions may serve to preserve materials related to local, state or national government entities (Schmidt, 2011). Other common facilities that serve as a repository for archival materials include museums, religious institutions, historical societies, and of course, libraries (Schmidt, 2011). 

Henry Charles Carey & Isaac Lea's 1822 Geographical, Historical and Statistical Map of the Michigan State Territory.
1866 Map of Michigan. This map was produced by the U.S. General Land Office.

The images above represent two separate historical maps of Michigan. One was produced in 1822, and the other was produced in 1866. In forty four years, the cartography of Michigan had changed drastically.  Similarly, the culture and stories of those who inhabited the state during those periods may have also changed. Examining early documents helps to process how these histories have helped to shape contemporary society.

Libraries and Archives
What's the Difference?

     Libraries, as an institution, display many characteristics that would, on the surface, purport it be an ideal facility to store archival records. This is due to the fact that Libraries and Archival facilities share many similarities.  First, both fields serve as repositories for information. Libraries harbor various sources of information within their collections that are necessary for the public to further lifelong learning. Similarly, Archival facilities possess various primary source materials that assist the public in understanding the contributions of individuals of the past and the historic development of their community. 

 

     Additionally, both the American Library Association (ALA) and the SAA share similar Core Values that uphold the traditions and values of the profession.  Both organizations express value in fostering an open and inclusive culture among its members, stress the importance of preservation of its collections, pledge to commit to excellent service to the public, and believe in upholding social responsibility (ALA Core Values, 2019; SAA Core Values, 2022).

 

     Despite these similarities,  Libraries and Archival facilities also have many differences. First, library collections usually consist of secondary materials that are purchased by publishers or notable library vendors (Dalhousie University, 2022). Archival facilities, however, acquire records that are solely primary source materials (many of which are unpublished) from the author or the creator (Dalhousie University, 2022). Additionally, archive materials are often donated, rather than purchased, and are usually one of a kind materials (Dalhousie University, 2022).  Another noticeable difference is in the accessibility of the material.  Most library materials are either circulated or can be accessed online (Dalhousie University, 2022). archival materials, however, do not circulate and thus must be accessed through the facility (Dalhousie University, 2022).

 

     Library and archival records are also classified differently (particularly in record description and organization) and access to certain types of information are often more restricted for archival records than library records (Dalhousie University, 2022).  Despite these fundamental differences, both libraries and Archival facilities must maintain and preserve its records in order to ensure that the records are in high quality condition.

 

     The preservation of archival materials are very delicate and critical to maintaining its legacy and longevity. Due to the distinctive nature of these materials, the SAA has established a set of guidelines to ensure the proper protection and adequate preservation of archived records in Archival facilities. According to the guidelines, storage of archived materials, for example, must be placed under certain temperatures and lighting conditions to ensure its longevity. As a result, some libraries that function as Archival facilities often devote a separate room or department (Society of American Archivists, 2022) to archive record storage.  These rooms, in turn, consist of environmental conditions that are suitable for storage. 

Michigan Historical Center in Lansing, Michigan.

The images above and below represent two separate buildings in Michigan that function as archival facilities. The first image is the Michigan Historical Center located in Lansing, Michigan. This building consists of a 12-site museum system dedicated to Michigan History. The Michigan Historical Center also consists of an “Archives of Michigan” section, which functions as an archive facility. Archives of Michigan is dedicated to preserving the records of the Michigan government and other public institutions (Michigan History Center, 2022). 

 

 

The second image (below)  is the Portage District Library located in Portage, Michigan.  In addition to functioning as a public library, the library also has a separate room known as the Heritage Room dedicated to preserving the city’s historic documents. Portage District Library’s Heritage room is an example of a  library that partially functions as an archival facility. 

Portage District Library in Portage, Michigan.
Portage is a small city located in southwest Michigan.
Announcement of Portage District Library's opening. The library was closed for renovations in April of 2021.
Grand opening of the Portage Public Library

Portage District Library's Heritage Room

     While there are many libraries that function as Archival facilities, there are some libraries that hold archival materials unique to the library’s community.  Community Archives, which is  defined as “a documentation of a group of  people that share common interests, and social, cultural and historical heritage…”(Society of American Archivists, 2022) serves to preserve the lived experiences of individuals and groups who may have been overlooked in history or, who may have been forgotten at one point in time.

 

      The term Community archives are most commonly  made in refence to preserving the voices of marginalized communities that have been excluded from the historical record (archivistasenespanglish, 2020). The SAA also notes that community archives are often created by members of the group being documented (Society of American Archivists, 2022) and are usually preserved outside of traditional archives.  While members of various communities have worked to shed light on groups who have been overlooked historically, I would also make the argument that community archives can be extended to smaller cities, towns, and rural areas that have also been overlooked in terms of its development and the people who have shaped and contributed to those communities. Such is the case Portage, a small city in southwest Michigan. 

 

     The City of Portage is a small city with a population of approximately 49,224.  The city was incorporated in December 13, 1963 with the collaboration of a nine member Charter commission and the accompanying assistance of the 43rd Governor of  Michigan, George Romney. The unique tale of the development of Portage is tale of a city that was greatly overshadowed by its larger counterpart, Kalamazoo–a city with a population of 76,106 and approximately 8 miles from Portage. In the 1960s, the city of Kalamazoo sought to annex Portage, but Portage fought an aggressive campaign against  annexation of the larger city by way of petition and eventually became its own city. 

 

     The city of Portage is filled with unique histories dating from the Potawatomi settlements prior to the 1840s, to the rich celery industry that was brought to the region by the Dutch in the 1860s, to the establishment of its notable bicentennial park in the 2000s. The small city tells many tales of those who previously inhabited and contributed to its formation and its residents wanted to ensure that their stories were not overlooked. The Portage District Library was established in 1976 and as part of  its construction, Library Director Frank Hemphill  made the decision to include the Heritage Room in its structural development. The room consisted of a growing collection of historic documents, books, diaries, and letters of community founders, photographs, oral history, recordings and other precious artifacts that would be preserved and made available to the public under the care of a city historian. (Massie, 2016, p.65-66). 

 

    In April of 2021, the Portage District Library closed its doors for renovation. In addition to expanding the the building and establishing a makerspace, creating additional study rooms and upgrading its existing infrastructure, the Heritage Room was relocated to the the main level of the library.  The Portage District Public Library reopened in May of 2022.  With its new relocation within the library building, the Heritage room still remains the city’s repository for the history of Portage (Portage District Library, 2022) and still maintains numerous books, documents, photographs, and artifacts relating to Portage, Kalamazoo County and South West Michigan (Portage District Library, 2022). The Heritage room is open during library hours and is staffed by part-time local historian, Steve Rossio.

Purpose of the Heritage Room Independent Study

     The purpose of this independent study is to observe the preservation methods and community history of the archive records stored in Portage District Library’s Heritage Room. Additionally,  the preservation and management of archived records stored in the Heritage room will be to compared to the standard preservation guidelines established by the SAA.

  The study will be divided into four different pages: (1) SAA Guidelines; (2) The Heritage Room Interview; (3) Portage History; and (4) Conclusion. 

1. SAA GUIDELINES

      In the book Archival and Special Collections Facilities: Guidelines for Archivists, Librarians, Architects and Engineers , the SAA developed nine categories of focus regarding the maintenance and preservation of archive records and the archive facility itself. These nine standards of focus are: (1) Building Sites (2) Building Construction (3) Archival Environments (4) Fire Protection (5) Security (6) Lighting (7) Materials and Finishes (8) Storage Equipment and (9) Functional Spaces.  The first portion of this study serves as a theoretical approach, and purports to provide an explanation and summary of each of the nine standard guidelines. 

2. HERITAGE ROOM INTERVIEW

     The second portion, the Heritage Room interview, serves as a practical approach to the study.  For this section, I interviewed Steve Rossio, City Historian for the Portage District Library, regarding his role in managing the Heritage Room and preserving the city’s archival records. 

3. PORTAGE HISTORY HISTORIC TIMELINE

     The third section of  the study consists of a historic timeline of Portage’s development as a city and the lives and events of those who helped shaped the city. 

4. CONCLUSION

The final portion of the website will consist of a conclusion page. This page consists of a summary of what I have learned regarding the practical and theoretical aspects of archival preservation, and the benefits that libraries that serve as partial archival facilities provide to its community. 

The Heritage Room in Portage District Library.